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Literatur- und Poster Projekte
der Echten Eidechsen, Familie Lacertidae
Podarcis pityusensis Illa es Vaixell (”gorrae” x pityusensis)
Alemany, I. & Pérez-Cembranos, A. & Pérez-Mellado, V. & Castro, J.A. & Picornell, A. & Ramon, C. & Jurado-Rivera, J.A. (2022) -
Dietary studies are essential to unravel the functioning of ecosystems and ultimately to understand biodiversity. This task, which at first may seem simple, becomes especially complex in those cases of omnivorous species with highly variable diets. In this regard, the emergence of next-generation DNA sequencing methodologies represents a powerful tool to address the problem. Here we implement a high-throughput metabarcoding strategy based on the analysis of four molecular markers aimed at sequencing both mitochondrial (animal prey) and chloroplast (diet plants) genome fragments from fecal samples of two lizard species endemic to the Balearic Archipelago (Podarcis lilfordi and P. pityusensis) obtained through non-invasive methods. The results allowed for the characterization of their diets with a high degree of taxonomic detail and have contributed a large number of new trophic records. The reported diets are based mainly on the consumption of arthropods, mollusks and plants from a diversity of taxonomic orders, as well as carrion and marine subsidies. Our analyses also reveal inter- and intra-specific differences both in terms of seasonality and geographical distribution of the sampled lizard populations. These molecular findings provide new insights into the trophic interactions of these threatened endemic lizards in their unique and isolated ecosystems.
Alemany, I. & Pérez‐Cembranos, A. & Pérez‐Mellado, V. & Castro, J.A. & Picornell, A. & Ramon, C. & Jurado‐Rivera, J.A. (2022) -
Gut microbial communities provide essential functions to their hosts and are known to influence both their ecology and evolution. However, our knowledge of these complex associations is still very limited in reptiles. Here we report the 16S rRNA gene faecal microbiota profiles of two lizard species endemic to the Balearic archipelago (Podarcis lilfordi and P. pityusensis), encompassing their allopatric range of distribution through a noninvasive sampling, as an alternative to previ- ous studies that implied killing specimens of these IUCN endangered and near-threatened species, respectively. Both lizard species showed a faecal microbiome composition consistent with their omnivorous trophic ecology, with a high representa- tion of cellulolytic bacteria taxa. We also identified species-specific core microbiota signatures and retrieved lizard species, islet ascription, and seasonality as the main factors in explaining bacterial community composition. The different Balearic Podarcis populations are characterised by harbouring a high proportion of unique bacterial taxa, thus reinforcing their view as unique and divergent evolutionary entities.
Böhme, W. & Eisentraut, M. (1981) -
Es wird über einen 1930 angesetzten Versuch berichtet, bei dem auf einem bis dahin eidechsenfreien Felseiland (Dado Grande bei Ibiza, Pityusen) Männchen einer melanistischen und Weibchen einer grünen Inselpopulation von Podarcis pityusensis ausgesetzt wurden. Die Untersuchung von sechs fünf Jahre später gefangenen Tieren ergibt, dass die Vermischung zu erhöhter Variabilität und gesteigertem Größenwuchs geführt hat. Eine erneute Kontrolle dieses noch vorläufigen Ergebnisses wird angeregt.
Eisentraut, M. (1930) -
Pérez-Mellado, V. & Pérez-Cembranos, A. & Calvo, J. & Garrido, M. (2014) -
Pérez-Mellado, V. & Pérez-Cembranos, A. & Rodríguez, V. & Buadxes, J.M. & Brown, R.P. & Böhme, W. & Terrasa, B. & Castro, J.A. & Picornell, A. & Ramon, C. (2017) -
The Ibizan wall lizard, Podarcis pityusensis, was the subject of several documented translocations by the German vertebrate zoologist Martin Eisentraut, in 1930. He aimed to initiate long-term experiments into the evolution of melanism and other morphological traits and accordingly he designed introductions into five islets that (he believed) contained no lizards. In this study, we analyzed the genetic and morphological characteristics of individuals we found there. We found no lizards on two of the islets, namely Escull de Tramuntana and Galera, but for the first time, detected a large population on a third islet, Es Vaixell. Eisentraut founded the Es Vaixell population with nonmelanistic Ibizan specimens, but the present day population of Es Vaixell was found to be fully melanistic. Genetic markers support a strong similarity between Es Vaixell and its neighbour islet, Na Gorra, and indicate that, in all likelihood, the individuals introduced by Eisentraut have left no descendants. It is likely that Es Vaixell already contained lizards prior to this introduction. Analyses of microsatellite DNA placed individuals from a fourth islet, Dau Gran, with those of one of its source islet, Escull Vermell. They are also morphologically close to individuals from Escull Vermell. This suggests that selection pressures could have favoured the Escull Vermell phenotype following introduction. For reasons we discuss, the translocations have revealed less than Eisentraut would have originally hoped for. Although evolutionary processes are normally time-consuming, these translocations do provide some potential insights into the rapid evolution of lizard morphology following colonization.
Romero, J.M.L. (2012) -
Viada Sauleda, C. (2021) -
Zawadzki, M. & Berg, M. van den & Kroniger, M. (2023) -
Im Rahmen einiger Naturexperimente mit der Pityuseneidechse Podarcis pityusensis (Boscá, 1883) setzte der deutsche Zoologe Martin Eisentraut im Frühjahr 193o auf der in der Hafeneinfahrt von Ibiza-Stadt und dicht an der Küste Ibizas gelegenen kleinen Felseninsel Illa Negra de Llevant, von der annahm, dass diese keine eigene Eidechsenpopulation beherberge, insgesamt fünfzig von der Insel Bleda Plana stammende Exemplare der melanistischen Unterart Podarcis pityusensis maluquerorum aus. Obwohl diese Faunenverfälschung sowie weitere Naturexperimente von Eisentraut publiziert wurden (1930, 1949), waren sie später offensichtlich nicht allen nachfolgenden Autoren bekannt, und so wurden die in der Folgezeit ab 1979 auf der Illa Negra de Llevant angetroffenen Eidechsen aufgrund ihrer Ähnlichkeit mit den Eidechsen von Ibiza stets zur Nominatform Podarcis pityusensis pityusensis gestellt. Bisherige Untersuchungen konnten nicht klären, ob es sich bei den Eidechsen der Illa Negra de Llevant möglicherweise noch um Nachfahren der von Eisentraut ausgesetzten Tiere oder aber um Exemplare einer neuen Einführung handelt. Mit den Ergebnissen unserer eigenen Untersuchungen und Nachforschungen wollen wir dazu beitragen, das Geheimnis der Eidechsen der Illa Negra de Llevant zu lösen.