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of the real lizards, family Lacertidae
Podarcis pityusensis calaesaladae (MÜLLER, 1928)
Barbadillo, L.J. (1987) -
Barbadillo, L.J. & Lacomba, J.I. & Pérez-Mellado, V. & Sancho, V. & López-Jurado, L.F. (1999) -
Berg, M.P. van den (2011) -
In this article an introduction is given on the geological history leading to the separation of Podarcis lilfordi (GÜNTHER, 1874) and Podarcis pityusensis (BOSCÁ, 1883) as separate species, as well as a Holocene sea level rise model which combined with bathymetric data leads to an estimation of recent divergence time in populations of the Balearic lizards.
Berg, M.P. van den (2015) -
New data on estimated divergence times of the populations of lacertid lizards in the Balearic Islands are provided in this second update of the October 2011 article: Estimating recent divergence time in populations of Podarcis lilfordi (GÜNTHER, 1874) and Podarcis pityusensis (BOSCÁ, 1883) (VAN DEN BERG 2011), which received its first update May 2012. In most cases better estimations of divergence times were available by using the NAVIONICS SonarCharts™webapp.
Berg, M.P. van den & Zawadzki, M. & Kroniger, M. (2016) -
This is already our sixth report in a series on our whereabouts while collecting data for a future revision of the present subspecific order of the endemic Balearic sisterspecies Podarcis lilfordi (GÜNTHER, 1874) and Podarcis pityusensis (BOSCÁ, 1883), which data are stored in our database at www.pityusensis.nl (VAN DEN BERG & ZAWADZKI 2011 ; VAN DEN BERG et al. 2013 ; VAN DEN BERG et al. 2014a ; VAN DEN BERG et al. 2014b ; VAN DEN BERG et al. 2015). During this trip from the 27th of March until the 9th of April 2016, we were able to collect data at some mainland Ibiza locations, as well as on the following adjacent islands: Sa Mesquida, S’Hort, S’Illeta de Cala Salada, Vedranell, Rates, Bleda Plana, Murada, Bleda Na Bosc and S’Espardell de S’Espartar. We continue with the ventral coloration as a possible determining key as introduced in our 2014 trip report (VAN DEN BERG et al. 2014b). Images of the anal shields are presented of each lizard for purposes of illustration.
Buchholz, K.F. (1954) -
Cirer, A.M. (1982) -
Cirer, A.M. (1987) -
EL ESTUDIO ABORDADO EN LA TESIS VERSA SOBRE LA CARACTERIZACION TAXONOMICA DE LA LAGARTIJA DE LAS PITIUSAS PODARCIS PITVUSENSIS. SE ANALIZAN LAS DISTINTAS POBLACIONES DESDE TRES ASPECTOS DISTINTOS: EL ANALISISBIOMETRICO EL ANALISIS ELECTROFORETICO DE DISTINTAS PROTEINAS Y EL ANALISIS COLORIMETRICO. LOS ANALISIS ESTADISTICOS APLICADOS SOBRE LAS VARIANTES BIOMETRICAS DEMUESTRAN LA EXISTENCIA DE DIVERSOS GRUPOS DE POBLACIONES MUY SEMEJANTES ENTRE SI. LA VARIABILIDAD DE LA ESPECIE NO SOLO ES FENOTIPICA SINO QUE TAMBIEN ES GENETICA DETECTANDOSE UNA DIVERSIDAD EN ESTOS CARACTERES SUPERIOR A LA ESPERADA EN REPTILES. SE OBSERVA UNA ALTA HETEROSIS QUE ES CARACTERISTICA DE LA ESPECIE LO QUE PARECE DEMOSTRAR QUE ESTA SE ENCUENTRA EN LAS PRIMERAS FASES DE COLONIZACIONY ADAPTACION A LOS DIFERENTES HABITATS OFRECEN LAS ISLAS QUE OCUPA. SE CONSTATA LA ACCION DEL EFECTO FUNDADOR Y LA DERIVA GENETICA EN LOS TRES ASPECTOS CONSIDERADOS EN LA TESIS ASI COMO UNA TENDENCIA EVOLUTIVA HACIA EL AUMENTO DE TAMAÑO SIEMPRE QUE NO EXISTA UNA PRESION SELECTIVA CONTRARIA. SUCEDE LO MISMO CON EL MELANISMO. CONSIDERANDO EL ESTADO EVOLUTIVO ACTUAL DE LA ESPECIE REFLEJADO EN LA PLASTICIDAD DE LAS DISTINTAS POBLACIONES DE ESTALAARTIJA Y EN LA ADAPTACION QUE MANIFIESTAN EN CADA NICHO CONCRETO ASI COMO EL CONCEPTO RESTRICTIVO ACTUAL DE SUBESPECIE LA AUTORA CONSIDERA QUE SOLO PUEDEN CONSIDERARSE SEIS TAXONES SUBESPECIFICOS O SUBESPECIES DE LA LAGARTIJA DE LAS PITIUSAS.
In this paper are presented the results obtained with 45 populations of Podarcis pityusensis. Several multivariant technics are performed: discriminant analysis, cluster analysis and canonic analysis of populations. These populations present gradual change in all their biometric characteristics, and also a great interpopulation variability, that invalidate th statistical methods to discriminate between all of them. In different analysis very related population groups are found, that suggests they are constitute the same subspecies, in the actual taxonomic sense. These groups always inhabits islands with the same geological age, it is therefore necessary to complete the study with othr biological reflections, all of which are getting ready.
Cirer, A.M. & Martínez-Rica, J.P. (1990) -
The variation in morphological and colouring features shown by the insular lacertid populations of Podarcis pityusensis is discussed from the point of view of their adaptive advantages to specific insular ecosystems. Insularity factors, i.e. area and island-age, have been found to be related to average body size, and the average luminosity of each population. Populations tend to show a size increase, a greater morphological homogeneity and darker dorsal colouring on smaller and older islands. Genetic drift seems to play a secondary role, whereas a positive selection in favour of melanism and giantism is observed. Both features are not linked as cause and effect, but seem to share a common cause: isolation and time enough to allow selection to take place. Predation, though slight in degree, does exist, and seems to be one of the selective pressure favouring melanism, together with the parallel trend towards an increase in body size and the need to an effective thermoregulation during the early hours of the day.
Colom, G. (1957) -
Colom, G. (1964) -
Colom. G. (1953) -
Compte Sart, A. (1966) -
Dappen, N.B. & Losin, N. & Pérez-Mellado, V. (2013) -
The Ibiza wall lizard is the symbol of the Pityusic-Archipelago, but what makes this colorful reptile so special? The Symbol: wall lizards of Ibiza and Formentera will take you on a journey into the culture, biology, ecology, and conservation of Ibiza and Formentera’s most iconic animal.
Eisentraut, M. (1928) -
Eisentraut, M. (1929) -
Eisentraut, M. (1930) -
Eisentraut, M. (1949) -
Eisentraut, M. (1954) -
Franzen, M. & Glaw, F. (2007) -
We provide a fi rst complete list of the present and lost reptile type material of the Zoologische Staatssammlung München (ZSM) and discuss various problems involved. The collection currently houses primary types of 184 taxa (128 holotypes, 44 lectotypes, and 12 taxa based on syntype series), 112 of them currently considered valid. Furthermore, 63 taxa are exclusively represented by secondary types (paratypes, paralectotypes). The ZSM collection strongly suffered from losses during World War II. Approximately 90 primary reptile type specimens or primary type series are considered to be destroyed during that time. The historical focus of the collection is the South American region. This is primarily based on material collected by Spix and Martius during their expedition to Brazil from 1817 to 1820. Primary types of 83 reptile taxa were collected during this expedition – approximately half of them described by J. G. Wagler – but currently specimens of only 53 taxa are still present in Munich. Subsequently, herpetological research in South America was continued during the fi rst half of the 20th Century by L. Müller und W. Hellmich, who deposited primary type material of 95 reptile taxa (49 from South America, among them 26 of the iguanid genus Liolaemus) in the ZSM, 47 of them still represented by primary types. Another geographical focus of the reptile type collection is the Mediterranean area, the Macaronesian region and the Middle East with a total of 46 extant primary types. Herpetological research in this area dates back to descriptions by G. Jan in 1863 and was continued by L. Müller, H. H. Schleich, A. Beutler, and especially J. F. Schmidtler and their respective collaborators.
Martínez-Rica, J.P. & Cirer, A.M. (1982) -
The status of the populations of Podarcis pityusensis on about 70 islets and small islands around Ibiza and Formentera (Balearic Islands) is examined, using data from our own observations, and, to a lesser amount, other publications. Lizard populations were found on 43 islets, but data are lacking for another 13. Only 10 sites (18 %) have abundant and well-maintained populations. In 13 localities (23%), there is no geographic isolation between the populations, or this isolation is very poor and incomplete. The high probability of populations mixing, or actual observation of this mixing, in 19 islands (34%) is indicated. Human pressure on lizard populations is strong in 14 cases (25 %). And finally, 18 populations (about one third) may be considered highly endangered or already extinct by elimination or genetic mixing with other populations. Among the subspecies which became extinct through mixing are P.p. miguelensis, P.p. subformenterae, P.p. algae, P.p. sabinae and P.p. grueni. The need for adequate protective measures aimed at the conservation of the remaining populations is emphasized.
Mayol Serra, J. (1985) -
Mayol, J. (1997) -
Mertens, R. & Wermuth, H. (1960) -
Müller, L. (1928) -
Pérez-Mellado, V. (2005) -
Rodriguez, V. & Brown, R.P. & Terrasa, B. & Pérez-Mellado, V. & Castro, J.A. & Picornell, A. & Ramon, M.M. (2013) -
Two monophyletic sister species of wall lizards inhabit the two main groups of Balearic Islands: Podarcis lilfordi from islets and small islands around Mallorca and Menorca and Podarcis pityusensis from Ibiza, Formentera and associated islets. Genetic diversity within the endangered P. lilfordi has been well characterized, but P. pityusensis has not been studied in depth. Here, 2430 bp of mtDNA and 15 microsatellite loci were analysed from P. pityusensis populations from across its natural range. Two main genetic groupings were identified, although geographical structuring differed slightly between the mtDNA and the nuclear loci. In general, individuals from islets/islands adjacent to the main island of Ibiza were genetically distinct from those from Formentera and the associated Freus islands for both mtDNA and the nuclear loci. However, most individuals from the island of Ibiza were grouped with neighbouring islets/islands for nuclear loci, but with Formentera and Freus islands for the mitochondrial locus. A time-calibrated Bayesian tree was constructed for the principal mitochondrial lineages within the Balearics, using the multispecies coalescent model, and provided statistical support for divergence of the two main P. pityusensis lineages 0.111–0.295 Ma. This suggests a mid-late Pleistocene intraspecific divergence, compared with an early Pleistocene divergence in P. lilfordi, and postdates some major increases in sea level between 0.4 and 0.6 Ma, which may have flooded Formentera. The program IMa2 provided a posterior divergence time of 0.089–0.221 Ma, which was similar to the multispecies coalescent tree estimate. More significantly, it indicated low but asymmetric effective gene copy migration rates, with higher migration from Formentera to Ibiza populations. Our findings suggest that much of the present-day diversity may have originated from a late Pleistocene colonization of one island group from the other, followed by allopatric divergence of these populations. Subsequent gene flow between these insular groups seems likely to be explained by recent human introductions. Two evolutionary significant units can be defined for P. pityusensis but these units would need to exclude the populations that have been the subjects of recent admixture.
Salvador, A. (1984) -
Salvador, A. (1985) -
Salvador, A. (1986) -
Salvador, A. (2006) -
Salvador, A. (2009) -
Salvador, A. & Pleguezuelos, J.M. (2002) -
Thorn, R. (1964) -
Viada Sauleda, C. (2021) -